March 2003
Intermediate to advanced
912 pages
27h 17m
English
In Figure 21.2 a checkpoint is taken at time tc and the system fails at time tf.

| T1 | has already committed at the time of the checkpoint. All its log records will have been written to the log on commit. Any remaining changes to data items will be written out at the time of the checkpoint. T1 will not be recorded as active in the checkpoint and no recovery action is needed. |
| T2 | was recorded as active at the time of the checkpoint. Its log records and database updates at that time are written out. T2 commits before the crash. All its log records are written out before ... |
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