Urban Transportation and Logistics

11Concepts and Visions for Urban Transport and Logistics

Robustness of logistics and supply chain networks have received

considerable attention recently (Bok and Park 1998; Christopher and

Peck 2004; Mo and Harrison 2005; Yu and Li 2000).

Procedures need to be developed for identifying solutions that

remain close to optimal and close to feasible when there are changes

to the values of the input variables due to their uncertainty. Robust

optimization investigates the trade-offs between solution robustness

and model robustness (Mulvey, Vanderbei, and Zenios 1995). Several

methods have been developed for representing uncertainty in optimi-

zation models, including probability distributions, fuzzy logic, and

scenario based.

1.4.2 Stochastic Programming ...