of transparency. In a distributed DBMS, the following four main categories of transparency have
been identifi ed:
Distribution transparency
Transaction transparency
Performance transparency
DBMS transparency.
5.5.1 Data Distribution Transparency
Data distribution transparency allows the user to perceive the database as a single, logical entity.
In other words, distribution transparency refers to the degree or extent to which details of frag-
mentation (fragmentation transparency), replication (replication transparency) and distribution
(location transparency) are hidden from users. If a user sees all fragmentation, ...
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