global timestamp values, unique local timestamp values are concatenated with site identifi ers
and the pair <local timestamp value, site identifi er> represents a unique global timestamp value
across the whole system. The site identifi er is appended in the least signifi cant position to ensure
that the global timestamp value generated in one site is not always greater than those generated
in another site. This approach still has a problem: the system clocks at different sites would not
be synchronized and one site can generate local timestamp values at a rate faster than that of
other sites. If logical counters ...
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