loosely coupled if it is the user’s responsibility to create and maintain the federation and there is no
control enforced by the federated system and its administrators. Similarly, an FMDBS is tightly cou-
pled if the federation and its administrator(s) have the responsibility for creating and maintaining
the integration and they actively control the access to component databases. A federation is built by
a selective and controlled integration of its components. A tightly coupled FMDBS may have one
or more federated schemas. A tightly coupled FMDBS is said to have single federation if it allows
the creation ...
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