Hardware
The original real-time system, hardware, is still the go-to for extremely tight tolerance and/or fast timing requirements. It can be implemented with discrete digital logic, analog components, programmable logic, or an application-specific integrated component (ASIC). Programmable logic devices (PLDs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are the various members of the programmable logic device portion of this solution. Hardware-based real-time systems can cover anything from analog filters, closed loop control, and simple state machines to complex video codecs. When implemented with power saving in mind, ASICs can be made to consume less power than an MCU-based solution. In general, ...
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