sont immobiles et bien ordonnées. Cette notion s’est ensuite étendue à un grand
nombre de domaines, parmi lesquels celui de lathéorie de l’information de Shannon, où
elle mesure l’information moyenne contenue dans un message
86
: l’entropie est nulle
lorsque tous les messages sont identiques. En apprentissage automatique, on utilise
fréquemment l’entropie comme mesure d’impureté: l’entropie d’un jeu de données est
nulle lorsque toutes ses observations appartiennent à une seule classe. L’équation6.3
présente la dénition de l’entropie du i
ième
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