10 • Practical Project Management for Building and Construction
• Associations (e.g., political, trade, and advocacy organizations)
• Competing projects
• Media (information; negative or positive publicity)
Stakeholders and their needs must be identied and evaluated. Sometimes
stakeholder needs are not identied or understood. is can result in a proj-
ect closing down or long delays. Stakeholders oen have dierent needs.
Client, designer, and contractor expectations are not always consistent.
Oen there are conicts between dierent stakeholders. Sometimes it
is the PM’s greatest challenge to settle conicting stakeholder demands.
Conicts between stakeholders need to be resolved early so as not to
cause delays and increase costs.