Strategic Management, Text and Cases by Pearson

660 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

(the preferred). A design is a representation of a system or process to be

realized (Van Aken, 2004). The design efforts are needed at two levels:

1. Building the organization and culture that achieve the science or

practice synthesis.

2. Propagation of the knowledge products from its research

throughout the professional’s education.

There are two types of knowledge products in a professional education:

1. Validated, field tested, explicit, and actionable knowledge com-

bining knowledge from both science and practice.

2. Meta-level knowledge on how to diagnose or make sense of

situations that are novel or more complicated ...