Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security, 4 Volume Set

CANADA

MANUEL SUTER AND ELGIN BRUNNER

Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich, Switzerland

1 CRITICAL SECTORS

In Canada, critical infrastructure (CI) consists of the physical and information technology facilities, networks, and assets essential to the health, safety, security, or economic well-being of Canadians, and the effective functioning of government [1]. Canada's federal government (i.e., the government of Canada, and each of the provincial and territorial governments) structures its respective critical infrastructure programs as it deems appropriate. The government of Canada classifies critical infrastructure within the ten sectors listed below:

• Energy and Utilities,
• Communications and Information Technology,
• Finance,
• Health Care,
• Food,
• Water,
• Transportation,
• Safety,
• Government,
• Manufacturing [1].

The government of Canada recognizes that the nation's critical infrastructure could potentially be affected by both physical and cyber threats, whether natural or human-induced. Recognizing the complex nature of the threat environment, the government has adopted an all-hazards approach to protect critical infrastructure.

2 PAST AND PRESENT INITIATIVES AND POLICIES

Canada began implementing dedicated CIP and CIIP policies in 2001 in response to the new risk environment and the increasing interconnectedness of both physical and cyber-based infrastructures. In 2003, the government of Canada brought together the office responsible for critical infrastructure and emergency ...