Skip to Content
C++程序设计:原理与实践(基础篇)(原书第2版)
book

C++程序设计:原理与实践(基础篇)(原书第2版)

by 本贾尼 斯特劳斯特鲁普
August 2021
Intermediate to advanced
450 pages
9h 36m
Chinese
Pearson
Content preview from C++程序设计:原理与实践(基础篇)(原书第2版)

8.5.6 传值与传引用的对比

如何在传值方式、传引用方式和传常量引用方式间进行选择呢?我们先来看第一个例子:

如果你希望改变被传递的对象的值,你应该使用非常量的引用:传值方式传来的是对象的拷贝,而传常量引用方式不允许你修改对象的值。你可以试试下面的程序,观察三种参数传递方式的效果:

因此,如果想改变通过引用方式传递过来的对象的值,你必须传递一个对象。从技术上讲,整型字面常量2只是一个值(右值,rvalue),而不是一个能保存值的对象。而这里函数g()的参数r需要的是一个左值(lvalue),也就是说,可以出现在赋值号左边的内容。

注意,常量引用不需要一个左值,它可以像初始化和传值方式一样进行转换。在上面代码中,当进行最后一次调用g(1,y,3)时发生了什么呢?情况是这样的,编译器为函数g()的参数cr分配了一个整型变量,令cr指向它:

这种编译器生成的对象称为临时对象(temporary object)。

我们的基本原则是:

1.使用传值方式传递非常小的对象。

2.使用传常量引用方式传递你不需修改的大对象。 ...

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.

Read now

Unlock full access

More than 5,000 organizations count on O’Reilly

AirBnbBlueOriginElectronic ArtsHomeDepotNasdaqRakutenTata Consultancy Services

QuotationMarkO’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.
Julian F.
Head of Cybersecurity
QuotationMarkI wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.
Addison B.
Field Engineer
QuotationMarkI’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.
Amir M.
Data Platform Tech Lead
QuotationMarkI'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.
Mark W.
Embedded Software Engineer

You might also like

C++语言导学(原书第2版)

C++语言导学(原书第2版)

本贾尼 斯特劳斯特鲁普
管理Kubernetes

管理Kubernetes

Brendan Burns, Craig Tracey
Python编程入门与实战

Python编程入门与实战

Posts & Telecom Press, Fabrizio Romano

Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787111562252