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Preface
Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) have become one of the hottest computer applications today. A CPS
has the tight integration of cyber and physical objects. Here, the term cyber objects refers to any
computing hardware/software resources that can achieve computation, communication, and con-
trol functions in a discrete, logical, and switched environment. Also, physical objects refers to any
natural or human-made systems that are governed by the laws of physics and operate in continu-
ous time. It is believed that CPSs will transform how we interact with the physical world, just like
the Internet transformed how we interact with one another. ...