
224 ◾ Cyber-Physical Systems
e SCADA system is responsible for the real-time monitoring and control of the power deliv-
ery network [9]. rough intelligent remote control and distributed automation (DA) manage-
ment at medium voltage substations, it can help the grid reduce operation and maintenance costs,
and ensure the reliability of the power supply [9,13]. Two related subsystems are the energy man-
agement system (EMS) and the distribution management system (DMS) [10].
Basically, SCADA systems consist of four parts (as shown in Figure 16.3) [14]: (1) field data
interface devices such as remote terminal units (RTUs) and programmable logic controllers ...