
208 ◾ Cyber-Physical Systems
ey used software named EnergyPlus, which combines the calculation of object energy use
with the energy used to heat areas. Since small objects tend to use insignificant power individu-
ally, the model used had a small inventory that does not contain every object found in modern
buildings. e model instead combines all of the small objects together, since combined they have
a more significant energy usage. To estimate the energy usage of objects, three types of uses were
recorded: constant energy use, timed energy use, and submetered energy use.
Besides object energy use, the energy used to heat and cool buildings h ...