
342 ◾ Cyber-Physical Systems
Neuroscientists are currently attempting to characterize the complex relationship between
brain activity signals (measured by neuroimaging) and human motions. Although central pattern
generators for locomotion are important in the control of walking, supraspinal networks including
the brainstem, cerebellum, and cortex must also be critical as the result of the additional demands
imposed by bipedal walking in humans [14–18]. is view has been supported by neuroimaging
studies showing that rhythmic foot or leg movements recruit primary motor cortex especially in
hazardous conditions [19–22].
Unlike the above studies ...