
219
Chapter 16
Cyber-Physical System for
Smart Grid Applications
Huiying Zhen and Fei Hu
16.1 Introduction
New technologies and innovations continue to boost industry. However, a significant improve-
ment in the electric power system has rarely been made for decades. e Northeast Blackout of
2003 was a widespread power outage in the United States, which impacted many places including
Cleveland, Akron, Toledo, New York City, Westchester, Orange and Rockland, Baltimore, Buffalo,
Rochester, Binghamton, Albany, Detroit, and parts of New Jersey. is event put the reliability
of the US power grid into question. Meanwhile, the increase in electric load a ...