input stages (either in forward or feedback paths) are represented by three different
gain factors, whereas the closed-loop op-amp is represented by an integrating func-
tion. The weighted inputs and output are summed up before entering into the op-
amp. Based on the signal flow graph, we can develop the following equation:
VzCzCzVC
C
inout
(
)
⋅−−
(
)
[]
+⋅−
(
)
{}
⋅⋅
−−
2
1
1
1
3
0
1
11
11
1
−
=
(
)
−
z
Vz
out
(3.81)
Thus, the overall transfer function is given by
Hz
Vz
Vz
CCzC
CCCz
out
in
(
)
=
(
)
(
)
=
+
(
)
−
+−
−
−
12
1
1
030
1
==−
+
⋅
−+
(
)
[]
−+
(
)
[]
−
−
C
CC
CCCz
CCCz
1
03
121
1
003
1
1
1
(3.82)
It can be found that the pole Z
p
and zero Z
z
of the previous circuit a ...
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