
Demystifying Switched-Capacitor Circuits
276
RF Filter IR Filter IF FilterLNA
π / 2
LO
2
LO
1
AAL and ADC
AAL and ADC
I
Q
Figure 8.2 Super-heterodyne architecture.
receiver is insensitive to the dc offset and LO (local-oscillating) leakage thanks to
the fact that it employs the two-step down-conversion scheme [12][13]. However, due
to the diffi culties of integrating high-performance (e.g., high-Q) RF, IF, and IR fi lters
in commercially available CMOS processing technologies, they normally have to be
realized by using off-chip discrete components, making the receiver inappropriate for
size-sensitive applications that typically require a monolithic realization ...