Figure 16.7-1 shows a general T-network and Π-network using three independent imped-
ances. They are not symmetric networks, but we assume that the impedances are passive
impedances. From this section onwards, the qualifier ‘passive’ implies that the network
contains only R, L, C and M type of elements. Then, they are reciprocal networks.
Any passive reciprocal two-port network requires only three parameters to describe
it. The fourth parameter will be provided by the reciprocity condition. The network in
Fig. 16.7-1(a), being a reciprocal one, has three parameters. It has three impedances also.
Therefore, ...
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