A practical Opamp has finite input resistance and non-zero output resistance. It has finite
gain and finite bandwidth. It has non-zero common mode gain. Its output voltage and output
current are limited to some finite values that depend on the supply voltage used. Its output
is incapable of changing at a rate faster than a finite rate that is specified as its slew rate. It
has non-zero output offset and non-zero input bias currents.
These non-idealities in the practical Opamp result in a degraded performance in
circuits that have embedded Opamps. We consider the impact of some of these ...
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