Electric Circuits and Networks, Ist Edition by Pearson

(iii) Now, x(t) is the cause and y(t) is the effect in a physical electrical circuit. Therefore,

by law of causality, y(t) can have only a phase delay with respect to x(t). Therefore,

y(t) has a phase delay of (290º  n360º) with respect to x(t).

However, this does not mean that the circuit waited for (16.11



20n) ms after the

voltage waveform was applied to it doing nothing in that interval and then started

producing a sinusoidal current in the element under consideration. What happens in the

electrical circuit is that, as soon as the voltage waveform applied, the circuit starts a

mixed response that includes even non-sinusoidal terms caused by ...