3.3V versus 5V
There are currently two common voltages on which microcontrollers operate—3.3V and 5V. While, in the early days of the Arduino, 5V was the absolute standard, things are moving toward 3.3V and probably even lower voltages in the coming years.
Internally, a development board might work with different voltages. Many microcontrollers, for example, the Arduino MKR WiFi 1010, are powered with 5V, but all input and output ports can only tolerate up to 3.3V. This is something you have to look out for to avoid damaging the ports. Having a microcontroller that runs on 5V as the input voltage is handy because you might already have various USB power supplies or a battery pack to power smartphones or other USB devices at hand.
The important ...
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