Swarm Intelligence

culture. Participants in the system become intelligent, acquiring what-

ever qualities have been defined as “good” in the fitness function, as a re-

sult of the cultural optimization enabled by local interactions (see Camp-

bell, 1990).

The cultural convergence of individuals in the search space allows the

intensive exploitation of optimal regions. Relatively good combinations

of elements, which in human society may be beliefs, behaviors, problem-

solving steps, opinions, and so on, receive focused attention. As a result,

the performances of individuals are improved. Culture, the emergent re-

sult of bottom-up processes, enables top-down immergent mental ...