
involve stochasticity. Otherwise, these particle swarm CAs mimic tradi-
tional CAs, including the dependence on unprogrammed emergent be-
havior (self-organization) to evolve a solution.
Down from Culture
In 1952 A. L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn published an invaluable
and scholarly volume entitled Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and
Definitions, wherein they set out to collect and classify every social sci-
ence definition and usage of the word “culture.” (A new edition is ex-
pected in 2000.) Even though this list was compiled nearly fifty years
ago, and a huge amount of social science research has been conducted
since then, the compendium is