
chapter
nine
Applications
In the last chapter, we saw how particle
swarm optimization works. But we were still
in the world of mathematics. In this chapter,
we move into the practical world of engi-
neering and take a brief look at some appli-
cations of particle swarm optimization.
There are various kinds of applications.
Some are more general; others are more spe-
cific. By “general” we mean approaches that
can be used across a wide range of specific
applications. Specific applications are those
that are tailored to a specific requirement.
Even though they are focused on solving a
particular problem, however, we can often
see how to apply the concepts to other ...