Swarm Intelligence

in the third position, minus a penalty for the mismatch between the “A”

in the problem solution and the “B” in the rule, minus another penalty

for the final “B” in the solution, which corresponds with a “.” or no con-

nection in the rule.

The next rule says that a state of “A” for the second node corresponds

with anything in the fifth node. Since the proposed solution does meet

the criterion, the sum is added for a match in this row. Thus the program

goes through, comparing the symbol string to the rules. A measure of

goodness is defined by the sum of the weights of all constraints that are

satisfied by a pattern of values:

GW

m

nr

=

∑∑

where r is rules, n is ...