DNS LatencyMultiple Possible SourcesGlobal Server Load BalancingContent delivery networksSlow NetworksLow bandwidthHops—devices between your browser and your destinationCongestion and packet lossTurns: Back and forth is the real problemFiddling with Things: The Load BalancerDistributing loadAvoiding broken machinesAddress translationConsolidating requestsCompressing and encrypting responsesServer IssuesServer OS: Handling networking functionsWeb service: Presentation layer, file retrievalDynamic tier: Application logicStorage tier: Data, state persistenceThird-party components: Web services, transaction processingPermissions and authenticationThe relationship between workload and performanceThe end result: Wide ranges of server responsivenessClient IssuesDesktop workloadThe browserBrowser compatibilityStylesheets and page layoutProcessing the pagePrefetching