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Fundamentals of Computer Programming and IT by Pearson

Name: Fundamentals of Computer Programming and IT by Pearson
ISBN: 9781299447479

by Ashok Namdev Kamthane, Rohit Khurana

May 2024

Intermediate to advanced

577 pages

22h 34m

English

Pearson India

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Cover
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Authors
Roadmap to the Syllabus
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Characteristics of Computers
1.2 The Computer System
1.2.1 Components of a Computer System
1.2.2 How Does a Computer Work?
1.3 Computer Organization and Architecture
1.4 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

1.4.1 Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)
1.4.2 Registers
1.4.3 Control Unit (CU)
1.4.4 System Bus
1.4.5 Main Memory Unit
1.4.6 Cache Memory
1.5 Software
1.5.1 Relationship between Software and Hardware
1.6 Types of Software1.6.1 System Software
1.6.2 Application Software
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 2: Computer Memory and Storage
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Memory Representation
2.2 Memory Hierarchy
2.3 Random Access Memory (RAM)
2.3.1 Types of RAM
2.4 Read Only Memory (ROM)
2.4.1 Types of ROM
2.5 Types of Secondary Storage Devices
2.6 Magnetic Tape
2.6.1 Magnetic Tape Organisation
2.6.2 Advantages of Magnetic Tapes
2.6.3 Disadvantages of Magnetic Tapes2.7 Magnetic Disk
2.7.1 Storage Organization of a Magnetic Disk
2.7.2 Accessing Data from Magnetic Disk
2.8 Types of Magnetic Disk
2.8.1 Floppy Disk
2.8.2 Hard Disk
2.8.3 Zip Disk
2.8.4 Advantages of Magnetic Disks
2.8.5 Disadvantages of Magnetic Disks2.9 Optical Disk
2.9.1 Storage Organization of Optical Disk
2.9.2 Access Mechanism of Optical Disk
2.10 Types of Optical Disks
2.10.1 Compact Disk
2.10.2 Digital Versatile Disk
2.10.3 Blu-ray Disk
2.10.4 Advantages of Optical Disks
2.10.5 Disadvantages of Optical Disks2.11 Magneto-optical Storage Devices
2.12 Universal Serial Bus (USB)
2.12.1 Pen Drive
2.12.2 External Hard Disk Drive
2.13 Memory Stick
2.14 Mass Storage Devices
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 3: Introduction to Operating System
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Operating System
3.2.1 Types of Operating System
3.2.2 Different Operating Systems
3.2.3 Functions of Operating System (1/2)
3.2.3 Functions of Operating System (2/2)
3.3 GUI-based Operating System: Windows XP
3.4 Features of Windows XP
3.5 Starting Windows XP Professional
3.6 The Desktop
3.6.1 Taskbar
3.6.2 Customizing Taskbar
3.6.3 Desktop Icons
3.6.4 Customizing Desktop
3.7 My Computer
3.8 Working with Files and Folders
3.8.1 Creating Files and Folders
3.8.2 Recycle Bin
3.9 Windows Explorer
3.10 Windows Help and Support Center
3.11 Searching in Windows XP 80
3.12 System Utilities in Windows XP
3.13 Control Panel
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 4: Introduction to Word Processors
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Features of a Word Processor
4.3 Different Word Processors
4.4 Starting Microsoft Office Word 2003
4.4.1 Microsoft Word Environment
4.4.2 Getting Help
4.5 Working with Word 2003 Documents
4.5.1 Creating a New Document4.5.2 Opening an Existing Document
4.5.3 Saving a Document
4.5.4 Closing a Document and Exiting Microsoft Word
4.6 Working with Text4.6.1 Inserting Text
4.6.2 Selecting Text
4.6.3 Formatting the Text
4.6.4 Aligning and Indenting Text
4.6.5 Formatting Style
4.6.6 Format Painter
4.6.7 Using Cut, Copy, and Paste in Word
4.6.8 Finding and Replacing Text
4.6.9 Undo and Redo
4.6.10 Bullets and Numbering
4.6.11 Header and Footer
4.7 Working with Tables
4.7.1 Table Properties
4.7.2 Moving and Resizing Table4.7.3 Adding and Deleting Rows and Columns
4.8 Checking Spelling and Grammar
4.8.1 Using the Auto Spell and Auto Grammar Features4.8.2 Using Spelling and Grammar Dialog Box
4.8.3 Using AutoCorrect Options
4.8.4 Using Synonyms and Thesaurus
4.9 Adding Graphics to Document
4.9.1 Pictures
4.9.2 Editing a Picture
4.9.3 Drawing Objects (1/2)
4.9.3 Drawing Objects (2/2)
4.10 Mail Merge
4.10.1 Components of a Mail Merge4.10.2 Mail Merge Steps
4.11 Printing a Document
4.11.1 Setting Page Margins
4.11.2 Print Preview
4.11.3 Printing the Document
4.12 Important Keyboard Shortcuts
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 5: Power Point Presentations and Spreadsheets
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Starting Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003
5.2.1 Microsoft PowerPoint Environment
5.3 Working with PowerPoint 2003
5.3.1 Creating a New Presentation
5.3.2 Opening a Presentation
5.3.3 Saving a Presentation
5.4 Designing a Presentation
5.4.1 Choosing Design Template
5.4.2 Using Masters
5.4.3 Working with Slides
5.4.4 Working with Text
5.4.5 Running Slides
5.5 Spreadsheets
5.6 Starting Microsoft Office Excel 2003
5.6.1 Microsoft Excel Environment
5.7 Working with Excel Workbook
5.7.1 Creating an Excel Workbook
5.7.2 Opening an Existing Workbook
5.7.3 Saving Workbook
5.7.4 Closing a Workbook
5.8 Working with Worksheet5.8.1 Entering Data in Cells
5.8.2 Editing a Worksheet (1/2)
5.8.2 Editing a Worksheet (2/2)
5.8.3 Using Cut, Copy, and Paste in Excel
5.9 Inserting Charts
5.9.1 Creating Charts
5.9.2 Using Chart Toolbar
5.9.3 Saving a Chart
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 6: Information Technology and the Internet
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Information Technology (IT)
6.3 Internet6.3.1 Evolution of Internet
6.3.2 Basic Internet Terms
6.3.3 Getting Connected to the Internet
6.3.4 Internet Services (1/2)
6.3.4 Internet Services (2/2)
6.3.5 Data over Internet
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 7: Problem Solving and Program Planning
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Planning the Computer Program
7.1.2 Program Development Cycle
7.2 Program Design Tools
7.2.1 Algorithms
7.2.2 Flowchart
7.2.3 Pseudocode
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 8: Overview of C++
8.1 Introduction
8.2 ANSI Standard
8.3 Object-oriented Technology
8.4 Disadvantages of Conventional Programming
8.5 Programming Paradigms
8.5.1 Monolithic Programming
8.5.2 Procedural Programming
8.5.3 Structured Programming Approach
8.6 Basic Concepts of C++
8.7 Structure of C++ Program
8.7.1 Include Files Section
8.7.2 Class Declaration or Definition
8.7.3 Class Function Definitions
8.7.4 The main() Function8.8 Creating Source File, Compiling and Linking in C++
8.9 IDE and its Features
8.10 Character Set in C++
8.11 Types of Tokens
8.12 Keywords
8.13 Identifiers
8.13.1 Variable Declaration and Initialization
8.14 Dynamic Initialization
8.15 Data Types in C++
8.16 Basic Data Type
8.17 Derived Data Type8.17.1 Pointers
8.17.2 Functions
8.17.3 Arrays
8.17.4 References
8.18 User-defined Data Type
8.18.1 Structure and Classes
8.18.2 Union
8.18.3 Enumerated Data Type
8.19 The void Data Type
8.20 Type Modifiers
8.21 Wrapping Around
8.22 Constants
8.22.1 Literal Constant
8.22.2 Symbolic Constant
8.23 Constant Pointers
8.23.1 Constant Pointer8.23.2 Pointer to Constant
8.23.3 Pointer and Variable both Constants
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 9: Operators and Expressions
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Precedence of Operators in C++
9.3 Expressions and their Evaluation
9.4 Referencing (&) and Dereferencing (*) Operators
9.5 Scope Access Operator
9.6 Memory Management Operators
9.7 Comma Operator
9.8 Comma in Place of Curly Braces
9.9 Type Conversion
9.9.1 Implicit Type Conversion
9.9.2 Explicit Type Conversion
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 10: Input and Output in C++
10.1 Introduction10.2 Streams in C++
10.3 Pre-defined Streams
10.4 Buffering
10.5 Stream Classes
10.6 Formatted and Unformatted Data
10.7 Input/Output using Extraction (>>) and Insertion (<<) Operators10.7.1 Input and Output Streams
10.8 Writing Simple C++ Programs with/without Comments
10.9 Typecasting with cout Statement
10.10 Formatted Console I/O Operations (1/2)
10.10 Formatted Console I/O Operations (2/2)
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 11: Control Structures
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Decision-making Statements
11.3 The if–else Statement
11.4 The Nested if–else Statement
11.5 The goto Statement
11.6 The break Statement
11.7 The continue Statement
11.8 The switch case Statement
11.9 The Nested switch case Statement
11.10 Loops in C/C++
11.11 The for Loop
11.12 Nested for Loops
11.13 The while Loop
11.14 The do-while Loop
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 12: Functions in C++
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The main () Function in C and C++
12.3 Structure of a Function
12.3.1 Function Prototypes
12.3.2 Function Definition
12.3.3 Function Call
12.3.4 Actual and Formal Arguments12.3.5 The return Statement
12.4 Passing Arguments
12.4.1 Pass by Value
12.4.2 Pass by Address
12.4.3 Passing by Reference
12.5 Return by Reference
12.6 Returning More Values by Reference
12.7 Default Arguments
12.8 The const Argument
12.9 Inputting Default Arguments
12.10 Inline Functions
12.11 Function Overloading
12.12 Library Functions
12.13 Recursion
12.14 Storage Class
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 13: Arrays
13.1 Introduction13.2 Array Declaration and Initialization
13.3 Characteristics of Arrays
13.4 Initialization of Arrays using Functions
13.5 Arrays of Classes
13.6 Passing Array Elements as Arguments to a Function
13.6.1 Call by Value
13.6.2 Call by Reference
13.7 Multidimensional Arrays
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 14: Strings
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Moving from C String to C+ String
14.3 Declaring and Initializing String Objects
14.4 Relational Operators
14.5 Handling String Objects
14.6 String Attributes
14.7 Passing Strings to a Function
14.8 Comparing and Exchanging
14.9 Miscellaneous Functions
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 15: Concepts of Object-oriented Programming
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Object
15.3 Classes
15.4 Method
15.5 Data Abstraction
15.6 Encapsulation
15.7 Inheritance
15.8 Polymorphism
15.9 Dynamic Binding
15.10 Message Passing
15.11 Reusability
15.12 Delegation
15.13 Genericity15.14 Advantages of OOP
15.15 Usage of OOP
SummaryExercises
Chapter 16: Classes and Objects
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Structures in C
16.3 Structures in C++
16.4 Classes in C++
16.5 Declaring Objects
16.5.1 Accessing Members of a Class
16.6 The public Keyword
16.7 The private Keyword
16.8 The protected Keyword
16.9 Defining Member Functions
16.9.1 Member Function Inside the Class
16.9.2 Private Member Function
16.9.3 Member Function Outside the Class
16.10 Characteristics of Member Functions
16.11 Outside Member Function Inline
16.12 Rules for Inline Functions
16.13 Data Hiding or Encapsulation
16.14 Classes, Objects and Memory
16.15 friend Functions
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 17: Constructors and Destructors
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Constructors and Destructors
17.2.1 Constructors17.2.2 Destructors
17.3 Characteristics of Constructors and Destructors
17.3.1 Constructors17.3.2 Destructors17.4 Applications with Constructors
17.5 Constructors with Arguments
17.6 Overloading Constructors
17.7 Constructors with Default Arguments
17.8 Copy Constructors
17.9 The const Objects
17.10 Destructors
17.11 Calling Constructors and Destructors
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 18: Inheritance
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Access Specifiers and Simple Inheritance
18.2.1 Public Inheritance
18.2.2 Private Inheritance
18.3 Protected Data with Private Inheritance
18.3.1 Member Functions Scope
18.4 Types of Inheritance
18.4.1 Single Inheritance18.4.2 Multiple Inheritance18.4.3 Hierarchial Inheritace18.4.4 Multilevel Inheritance18.4.5 Hybrid Inheritance18.4.6 Multipath Inheritance
18.5 Single Inheritance
18.6 Multilevel Inheritance
18.7 Multiple Inheritance
18.8 Hierarchical Inheritance
18.9 Hybrid Inheritance
18.10 Multipath Inheritance
18.11 Virtual Base Classes
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 19: Binding, Polymorphism and Virtual Functions
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Binding in C++
19.2.1 Static (Early) Binding
19.2.2 Dynamic (Late) Binding
19.3 Pointer to Derived Class Objects
19.4 virtual Functions
19.5 Rules for virtual Functions
19.6 Array of Pointers
19.7 Pure virtual Functions
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 20: Files
20.1 Introduction
20.2 File Stream Classes
20.3 Steps of File Operations
20.3.1 Constructor of the Class
20.3.2 The open()Function
20.4 Checking for Errors
20.5 Finding End of a File
20.6 File Opening Modes
20.7 File Pointers and Manipulators
20.8 Manipulators with Arguments
20.9 Sequential Read and Write Operations
20.10 Binary and ASCII Files
20.10.1 The write()and read() Functions
20.10.2. Reading and Writing Class Objects
20.11 Random Access Operation
20.12 Error Handling Functions
20.13 Command Line Arguments
20.14 strstreams
20.14.1 ostrsream
20.14.2 istrstream
20.15 Sending Output to Devices
Summary
Exercises
Solved Question Papers (1/6)
Solved Question Papers (2/6)
Solved Question Papers (3/6)
Solved Question Papers (4/6)
Solved Question Papers (5/6)
Solved Question Papers (6/6)

Content preview from Fundamentals of Computer Programming and IT by Pearson

Functions in C++ 329

12.4 PASSING ARGUMENTS

The main objective of passing argument to function is message passing. The message passing is also known as

communication between two functions i.e., between caller and callee functions. There are three methods by

which we can pass values to the function. These methods are.

a. Call by value (pass by value),

b. Call by address (pass by address), and

c. Call by reference (pass by reference).

C++ supports all these three types of passing values to the function whereas C supports only the first

two types. The arguments used to send values to function are known as input-arguments. The argu ments ...

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