We know that in inheritance, one class could be inherited from one or more classes. In addition, new mem-
bers are added to the derived class. Inheritance also supports hierarchical arrangement of programs. Several
programs require hierarchical arrangement of classes, in which derived classes share the properties of base
class A { protected : int a; }; // class A declaration
class B { protected : int b; }; // class B declaration
class C { protected : int c; }; // class C declaration
class D { protected : int d; }; // class D declaration
// class E : public ...
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