
138 Introduction to Electrical Power and Power Electronics
perunitoftransformer
series of transforme
Z
Z
=
rrin ohms
base of transformerin ohmsZ
Z
=
%
.
(5.7)
In electrical power system studies, we deal with kilovolt-amperes, volts, amperes,
and ohms. Generally, the rated values of equipment are taken as the base values in
expressing percent or pu values. However, we cannot select all four base values since
they are not independent. If the kilovolt-ampere and voltage bases are dened (rated
values or otherwise), then the ampere and ohm bases are indirectly dened from the
following relations:
In a single-phase system, I
V
base
base
kVA
/phase=
1000 ...