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深度学习入门 : 基于Python的理论与实现
book

深度学习入门 : 基于Python的理论与实现

by 斋藤康毅
July 2018
Intermediate to advanced
310 pages
8h 21m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from 深度学习入门 : 基于Python的理论与实现
6章 与学习相关的技巧
192
0.0
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
accuracy
0 50
100
150
200
epochs
train
test
6-21 使用了权值衰减的训练数据(train)和测试数据(test)的识别精度的变化
如图6
-
21 所示,虽然训练数据的识别精度和测试数据的识别精度之间有
差距,但是与没有使用权值衰减的图6
-
20 的结果相比,差距变小了。这说明
过拟合受到了抑制。此外,还要注意,训练数据的识别精度没有达到 100
%
1.0)。
6.4.3
 Dropout
作为抑制过拟合的方法,前面我们介绍了为损失函数加上权重的
L
2
数的权值衰减方法。该方法可以简单地实现,在某种程度上能够抑制过拟合。
但是,如果网络的模型变得很复杂,只用权值衰减就难以应对了。在这种情
况下,我们经常会使用
Dropout
[14]
方法。
Dropout
是一种在学习的过程中随机删除神经元的方法。训练时,随机
选出隐藏层的神经元,然后将其删除。被删除的神经元不再进行信号的传递,
如图6
-
22 所示。训练时,每传递一次数据,就会随机选择要删除的神经元。
然后,测试时,虽然会传递所有的神经元信号,但是对于各个神经元的输出,
要乘上训练时的删除比例后再输出。
6.4  正则化 
193
6-22  Dropout 的概念图 ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787115485588