Cell and Material Interface

xi

Preface

The biomaterials eld has mostly been an application-driven eld; most of the early

research focused on nding suitable materials for applications to develop medical

instruments, implants, etc. Due to myriad problems aficting numerous targets, the

requirements for biomaterials have been expanding and sometimes are contradic-

tory. For this reason, a wide range of materials were tested and some types of mate-

rials (ceramics, metals, polymers, etc.) were found to be “biocompatible” and have

been successfully utilized for clinical applications.

However, our current ambitions and challenges in the eld require more than a

tolerance from ...