197Micropatterning Techniques for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
micropatterned hydrogel constructs, and microengineered polymeric biomaterials
have been utilized to impart necessary biophysical cues to control cardiac cells phe-
notype, cytoskeletal organization, and contractility (Deutsch etal. 2000; Bursac etal.
2002; Entcheva and Bien 2003; Motlagh etal. 2003; Yin etal. 2004; Au etal. 2007;
Arai etal. 2008; Engelmayr etal. 2008; Kajzar etal. 2008; Guillemette etal. 2010;
Luna etal. 2011; Patel etal. 2011; Zhang etal. 2012; Annabi etal. 2013; Kolewe etal.
2013; Rao etal. 2013; Wang etal. 2013; Yu etal. 2013; Bian etal. 2014a,b; Chen etal.
2014; Rodriguez etal. 2014). Different topographical features can be fashioned in
pol ...