94 Cell and Material Interface
To present high-performance cell-based assays, nonspecic interactions between
the cell media and surface should be rst suppressed in order to assure unbiased
experimental results. This can be achieved by nonfouling surfaces reducing non-
specic adsorption of biomolecules from cell media. Several native molecules such
as agarose, mannitol, and albumin have been used to treat the substrate in order
to reduce the protein adsorption (Luk etal. 2000), but because of limited stabil-
ity, synthetic materials are now playing an essential role to modulate cell–surface
interface in biosensors (Ratner and Bryant 2004). Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as
the known material has been widely used mainly in the form of copolymers ...