January 2021
Beginner
565 pages
19h 27m
English
Content preview from Fundamentals of Communications and Networking, 3rd Edition
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Physical Layer and Data Link Layer
Think of the Physical Layer as the media and signal that support the transmission of signals. A transmission medium can be air (radio frequency), metal (copper unshielded twisted-pair, shielded twisted-pair, or coaxial cable), or glass (optical fiber). Today, the transmission of signals in the fastest but most accurate manner is critical. Digital transmission of 1’s and 0’s must have high speeds with low errors. The Physical Layer is concerned about the transmission of 1’s and 0’s. The Data Link Layer defines the frame format that the 1’s and 0’s are to follow. Frame formats are based on 8 bits or 1 octet, also known as a byte. The frame format is what defines the structure of the 1’s and 0’s being transmitted. ...
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