March 2018
Intermediate to advanced
626 pages
17h 32m
English
book
Network Analysis Using Wireshark 2 Cookbook - Second Edition
by Nagendra Kumar Nainar, Yoram Orzach, Yogesh Ramdoss
Content preview from Network Analysis Using Wireshark 2 Cookbook - Second Edition
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IP TTL failures and attacks
As we saw in the previous sections, whenever a transit router is performing a lookup in the IP header, it will decrement the IP TTL by 1 before forwarding the packet out to the next hop router. If a router receives a packet with a TTL of 1 and if the destination IP address is not its own address, the default behavior is to drop the packet and generate an ICMP error message of type 11 (time to live exceeded). This behavior ensures that a packet in a routing loop does not bounce between nodes forever, but will be dropped after 255 iterations (the maximum value of TTL that can be set is 255):
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