January 2018
Intermediate to advanced
856 pages
17h 17m
Chinese
Content preview from Python 技術手冊 第三版
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Berkeley Socket Interface
|
559
今日，安全性變得越來越重要：了解安全通訊底層的基礎能幫助你確保通
訊的必要安全性。如果這個結論能說服你別在透澈理解相關議題和風險前
試著自行實作這種技術，那它就有效達成目的了。
透過網路介面（network interfaces）的所有通訊都會交換位元組所成的字
串（strings of bytes，位元組在網路用語中稱為
octets
）。舉例來說，要傳送
文字，發送者必須將之編碼（encode）為位元組，而接收者必須進行解碼
（decode）。
Berkeley Socket Interface
今日大多數的網路通訊都仰賴於
sockets
（
插座
）。Sockets 讓你能夠存取
獨立端點（endpoints）之間的管線（pipelines），使用
傳輸層
（
transport
layer
）在端點間移動資訊。這個 socket 概念的通用性允許端點在相同機器
上，或是在區域或廣域網路連接的個別電腦上。對於程式設計來說，這些
目的地之間沒有差別。
最典型的傳輸層是 UDP（User Datagram Protocol，用於無連線的網路通
訊）和 TCP（Transmission Control Protocol，用於連線導向的網路通訊），
運作於共通的 IP（Internet Protocol）網路層之上。這種協定組合，連同在
它們之上運行的許多應用協定，統稱為
TCP/IP
。Unix 作業系統也提供它們
自己的一種 sockets，用於相同機器上不同的行程之間，上述的兩種協定都 ...
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