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Python 技術手冊 第三版
book

Python 技術手冊 第三版

by lex Martelli, Anna Martelli Ravenscroft, Steve Holden
January 2018
Intermediate to advanced
856 pages
17h 17m
Chinese
GoTop Information, Inc.
Content preview from Python 技術手冊 第三版
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3 章 Python 語言
不帶引數的
dict()
會建立並回傳一個空的字典,就像
{}
。當
dict
的引數
x
是一個映射,
dict
就會回傳與
x
帶有相同鍵值與值的一個新字典物件。當
x
是一個 iterable,那麼
x
中的項目必須是對組(pairs),
dict(x)
會回傳
其項目(key/value 對組)與
x
中項目相同的一個字典。如果一個鍵值在
x
中出現超過一次,那麼
x
中帶有那個鍵值的項目只有
最後一個
會被保留在
所產生的字典中。
當你呼叫
dict
,除了位置引數(positional argument
x
之外,你也可以傳
具名引數
named arguments
,其語法是
name=value
,其中
name
是用來
當作項目鍵值的一個識別字,而
value
則給定項目的值。當你呼叫
dict
同時傳入一個位置引數,以及一或多個具名引數,若是某個鍵值出現在位
置引數中,而且也出現在一個具名引數中,那麼 Python 會將該鍵值關聯至
那個具名引數所給的值(也就是說,具名引數「勝出」)。
你也能夠呼叫
dict.fromkeys
來創建一個字典。第一個引數是一個
iterable,其項目會成為字典的鍵值,而第二個引數則是對應到各個鍵值的
值(所有鍵值最初都會映射到相同的值)。如果你省略第二個引數,預設
就會是
None
。舉例來說:
dict.fromkeys('hello', 2) # 同於 {'h':2, 'e':2, 'l':2, 'o':2}
dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3]) # 等同於 {1:None, ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9789864766819