
Introduction
We know that the processor we use is connected to the I/O as well as the memory. So
far, we have only dealt with data being read from and written to memory. We have
accessed I/O devices like the keyboard and the video monitor, but for that we used DOS
interrupts, which are functions already written and tested. Now, let us try to deal with
I/O directly using the instructions of 8086. In practice, I/O devices are not connected
directly to the processor but are connected through interfacing chips which provide con-
trol signals for the processor to communicate with the peripheral (I/O device). A lot of
hardware is involved in this, w ...