May 2023
Intermediate to advanced
132 pages
13h 52m
English
book
Universal Principles of Design, Updated and Expanded Third Edition
by William Lidwell, Kritina Holden, Jill Butler
Content preview from Universal Principles of Design, Updated and Expanded Third Edition
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169 Shaping
Training a target behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of that behavior.
Complex behaviors can be difficult to teach. Shaping is a strategy whereby complex behaviors are broken down into smaller, simpler sub-behaviors and taught one by one. The sub-behaviors are reinforced with rewards (e.g., trainees are given food) and ultimately chained together to achieve the complex behavior. For example, to teach a mouse to press a lever, the mouse is first reinforced to move close to the lever; then reinforced only when it makes contact with the lever; and eventually reinforced only when it presses the lever. The bar for getting a reward is continuously raised as the behavior gets closer and closer to the target behavior.1
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