Business Statistics

724 Business Statistics

Spearman’s rank correlation

2

2 2

6

6 330

1 1 0.09

( 1) 13 (13 1)

s

d

r

n n

×

= − = − =

− × −

∑

Figure 18.45 shows the SPSS output for Example 18.15.

Figure 18.45

SPSS output for

Example 18.15

Parametric tests are statistical techniques to test a hypothesis based on

some assumptions about the population. In some cases, a researcher

nds that the population is not normal or the data being measured is

qualitative in nature. In these cases, researchers cannot apply para-

metric tests for hypothesis testing and have to use non-parametric

tests. Some of the commonly used and important non-parametric

tests are: runs test for ...