Business Statistics

Chapter 18 | Non-Parametric Statistics 725

7. What is the concept of the Kruskal–Wallis test?

8. What is the concept of the Friedman test? How can a

researcher use the Friedman Test as a non-parametric

alternative to randomized block design?

9. Which test is used to determine the degree of association

between two variables when data are of ordinal level

(ranked data).

Large sample run test:

Mean of the sampling distribution of the R statistic

1 2

1 2

2

1

R

n n

n n

= +

+

m

Standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the R statistic

1 2 1 2 1 2

2

1 2 1 2

2 (2 )

( ) ( 1)

R

n n n n n n

n n n n

− −

=

+ + −

s

1