June 2017
Intermediate to advanced
338 pages
8h 28m
English
Conceptually, the three-tier design is still used as a reference model, even if most applications have migrated to other topologies or have yet to evolve from a standalone implementation. While many applications now stray from this classic model, we still find it useful for understanding the basic facilities needed for real-world applications. We call it a three-tier model but it also assumes a fourth unnamed component: the client.
The three tiers include the web tier (or front end), the application tier, and the database tier, as seen here: in the following figure:

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