March 2004
Intermediate to advanced
840 pages
21h 45m
English
Dark fiber refers to unused fiber-optic cable that has not been lit.
OAM&P channels in SONET that enable communications between individual network elements. In the section layer, 3 bytes (D1, D2, and D3) are allocated in STS-1 number 1 of an STS-N signal for section data communications. These 3 bytes are treated as one 192-kbps data channel for the transmission of alarms, maintenance, control, administration, as well as other network element communication needs. In the line layer, 9 bytes (D4–D12) are used as a 576-kbps data channel for similar purposes.
An electronic cross-connect system that has access to lower-rate channels in higher-rate multiplexed signals ...
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