
78 Semiconductor Device-Based Sensors for Gas, Chemical, and Biomedical Applications
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
for the HEMT sensor due to the fact that no reference electrode is required. Thus, measuring lactate
acid in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can be achieved as a noninvasive method.
2.8.7 chloride ion detection
Chlorine is widely used in the manufacture of many products and items directly or indirectly, that
is, in paper product production, antiseptic, dye-stuffs, food, insecticides, paints, petroleum products,
plastics, medicines, textiles, solvents, and many other consumer products. It is used to kill bacteria
and