
Recent Advances in Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Biological and Gas Sensors 83
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
2.9 ENDOCRINE DISRUPTER EXPOSURE LEVEL MEASUREMENT
There have been many reports evaluating the adverse effects of endocrine disrupters (ED) on repro-
duction in wild animals, especially in aquatic environments [232–238]. A wide range of chemicals
are considered EDs, including naturally occurring or improperly disposed estrogens and anthro-
pogenic chemicals that were heavily used in the past. These chemicals promote feminization in
wildlife and also pose a threat to public health. Some reports suggest that ED can inuence fetal
dev ...