RG

IN CONTEXT

APPROACH

Structuralism

BEFORE

1704 German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz discusses petites perceptions (perceptions without consciousness) in his New Essays on Human Understanding.

1869 German philosopher Eduard von Hartmann publishes his widely read Philosophy of the Unconscious.

AFTER

1895 Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer publish Studies on Hysteria, introducing psychoanalysis and its theories of the unconscious.

1912 Carl Jung writes The Psychology of the Unconscious, suggesting that all people have a culturally specific collective unconscious.

Johann Herbart was a German philosopher who wanted to investigate how the mind works—in particular, ...

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