RG

IN CONTEXT

APPROACH

Need theory

BEFORE

1938 American psychologist Henry Murray develops his theory of how personality is shaped by psychogenic needs.

1943 Abraham Maslow’s A Theory of Human Motivation presents his hierarchy of needs.

1959 In Motivation to Work, US psychologist Frederick Herzberg states that achievement, rather than money, motives people.

AFTER

1990 In Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience, Mihály Csíkszentmihályi discusses motivation for achievement.

2002 Martin Seligman explores motivation as the expression of character strengths.

2004 In Leadership That Gets Results, US psychologist Daniel Goleman applies McClelland’s ideas to leadership ...

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