
decision points, and when transitioning from one state to another it is possible to pass through
the circle’s origin, indicating minimum magnitude.
On the reverse link from mobile to base station, Offset-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (O-QPSK)
is used to prevent transiti ons through the origin. Consider the components that make up any
particular vector on the constellation diagram as X and Y components. Normally, both of these
components would transition simultaneously, causing the vector to move through the origin.
In O-QPSK one component is delayed, so the vector will move down first and then over, thus
avoiding moving through the origin, and simplifying ...