Cellular Communications Explained

The base stations are set up in a variety of places. In towns and cities the characteristic antennas

are often seen on the top of buildings, whereas in the countryside separate masts are used

(Figure 4.7). It is important that the location, height and orientation are all correct to ensure

the required coverage is achieved. If the antenna is too low or in a poor location there will be

insufficient coverage, leaving a coverage ‘hole’. Conversely, if the antenna is too high and directed

incorrectly, then the signal will be heard well beyond the boundaries of the cell. This may result

in interference with another cell using the same frequencies.

The antenna systems used with base stations generally have two sets of receiver antennas. These

provide what ...